A programming language is a notation for writing programs, which are specifications of a computation or algorithm. Some, but not all, authors restrict the term “programming language” to those languages that can express all possible algorithms.Traits often considered important for what constitutes a programming language include:
Function and target
A computer programming language is a language used to write computer programs, which involve a computer performing some kind of computation or algorithm and possibly control external devices such as printers, disk drives, robots,and so on. For example, PostScript programs are frequently created by another program to control a computer printer or display. More generally, a programming language may describe computation on some, possibly abstract, machine. It is generally accepted that a complete specification for a programming language includes a description, possibly idealized, of a machine or processor for that language. In most practical contexts, a programming language involves a computer; consequently, programming languages are usually defined and studied this way. Programming languages differ from natural languages in that natural languages are only used for interaction between people, while programming languages also allow humans to communicate instructions to machines.
Abstractions
Programming languages usually contain abstractions for defining and manipulating data structures or controlling the flow of execution. The practical necessity that a programming language support adequate abstractions is expressed by the abstraction principle this principle is sometimes formulated as a recommendation to the programmer to make proper use of such abstractions.
Expressive power
The theory of computation classifies languages by the computations they are capable of expressing. All Turing complete languages can implement the same set of algorithms. ANSI/ISO SQL-92 and Charity are examples of languages that are not Turing complete, yet often called programming languages.
Markup languages like XML, HTML or troff, which define structured data, are not usually considered programming languages Programming languages may, however, share the syntax with markup languages if a computational semantics is defined. XSLT, for example, is a Turing complete XML dialect. Moreover, LaTeX, which is mostly used for structuring documents, also contains a Turing complete subset.
1. R
At heart, R is a programming language, but it’s more of a standard bearer for the world’s current obsession with using statistics to unlock patterns in large blocks of data. R was designed by statisticians and scientists to make their work easier. It comes with most standard functions used in data analysis and many of the most useful statistical algorithms are already implemented as freely distributed libraries. It’s got most of what data scientists need to do data-driven science.
2. Java 8
Java isn’t a new language. It’s often everyone’s first language, thanks to its role as the enterprise favourite for AP Computer Science. There are billions of JAR files floating around running the world.
3. Swift
Apple saw an opportunity when programming newbies complained about the endless mess of writing in Objective C. So they introduced Swift and strongly implied that it would replace Objective C for writing for the Mac or the iPhone. They recognized that creating header files and juggling pointers was antiquated. Swift hides this information, making it much more like writing in a modern language like Java or Python. Finally, the language is doing all the scut work, just like the modern code.
4. Go
When Google set out to build a new language to power its server farms, it decided to build something simple by throwing out many of the more clever ideas often found in other languages. They wanted to keep everything, as one creator said, “simple enough to hold in one programmer’s head.” There are no complex abstractions or clever metaprogramming in Go—just basic features specified in a straightforward syntax.
5. CoffeeScript
Somewhere along the line, some JavaScript programmers grew tired of typing all those semicolons and curly brackets. So they created CoffeeScript, a preprocessing tool that turns their syntactic shorthand back into regular JavaScript. It’s not as much a language as a way to save time hitting all those semicolons and curly bracket keys.
6. D
For many programmers, there’s nothing like the very clean, simple world of C. The syntax is minimal and the structure maps cleanly to the CPU. Some call it portable Assembly. Even for all these advantages, some C programmers feel like they’re missing out on the advantages built into newer languages.
7. Less.js
Just like CoffeeScript, Less.js is really just a preprocessor for your files, one that makes it easier to create elaborate CSS files. Anyone who has tried to build a list of layout rules for even the simplest website knows that creating basic CSS requires plenty of repetition; Less.js handles all this repetition with loops, variables, and other basic programming constructs. You can, for instance, create a variable to hold that shade of green used as both a background and a highlight color. If the boss wants to change it, you only need to update one spot.
8. CUDA
Most people take the power of their video cards for granted. They don’t even think about how many triangles the video card is juggling, as long as their world is a complex, first-person shooter game. But if they would only look under the hood, they would find a great deal of power ready to be unlocked by the right programmer. The CUDA language is a way for Nvidia to open up the power of their graphics processing units (GPUs) to work in ways other than killing zombies or robots.
9. Scala
Everyone who’s taken an advanced course in programming languages knows the academic world loves the idea of functional programming, which insists that each function have well-defined inputs and outputs but no way of messing with other variables. There are dozens of good functional languages, and it would be impossible to add all of them here. Scala is one of the best-known, with one of the larger user bases. It was engineered to run on the JVM, so anything you write in Scala can run anywhere that Java runs—which is almost everywhere.
10. Haskell
Scala isn’t the only functional language with a serious fan base. One of the most popular functional languages, Haskell, is another good place for programmers to begin. It’s already being used for major projects at companies like Facebook. It’s delivering real performance on real projects, something that often isn’t the case for academic code.
11. Jolt
When XML was the big data format, a functional language called XSLT was one of the better tools for fiddling with large datasets coded in XML. Now that JSON has taken over the world, Jolt is one of the options for massaging your JSON data and transforming it. You can write simple filters that extract attributes and JOLT will find them and morph them as you desire. See also Tempo and using XSLT itself.
- Kursus Komputer Administrasi Perkantoran Ms. Office Words
- Kursus Komputer Administrasi Perkantoran Ms. Excel
- Kursus Komputer Administrasi Perkantoran Ms. Power Point
- Kursus Komputer Paket Administrasi Perkantoran
- Kursus Komputer Administrasi Perkantoran Alternative Linux System
- Kursus Komputer Administrasi Perkantoran Komputerisasi kearsipan
- Kursus Komputer Administrasi Perkantoran akuntansi
- Kursus Komputer Administrasi Perkantoran Pengelolaan data statistik
- Kursus Komputer Administrasi Perkantoran Internet & E-Office
- Kursus Komputer Desain Grafis Photoshop
- Kursus Komputer Desain Grafis Corel Draw
- Kursus Komputer Paket Desain Grafis
- Kursus Komputer Desain Grafis & Multimedia
- Kursus Komputer Editing Video
- Kursus Komputer Desain Grafis Lengkap (Photoshop,Corel Draw & Page Maker)
- Kursus Komputer Desain Grafis Alternative Linux System
- Kursus Komputer 3D Animation
- Kursus Komputer Macromedia Flash
- Kursus Komputer Desain Arsitektur Autocad 2 Dimensi
- Kursus Komputer Desain Arsitektur Autocad 3 Dimensi
- Kursus Komputer Desain Arsitektur Paket Arsitektur Autocad
- Kursus Komputer Desain Arsitektur Alternative Linux System
- Kursus Komputer Teknisi Komputer Dasar
- Kursus Komputer Teknisi Komputer Lanjutan
- Kursus Pengaturan Software Windows
- Kursus Pengaturan Software Linux
- Kursus Perakitan Komputer
- Kursus Komputer Traffic Management With Mikrotik
- Kursus Komputer Traffic Management With Cisco
- Kursus Komputer Jaringan Komputer Berbasis WIndows
- Kursus Komputer Jaringan Komputer Berbasis Linux
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Desain 3D Studio Max
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Media Adobe Premiere
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Borland Delphi
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman MYOB
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Turbo Cash
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman S.A.P.
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Visual Basic
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman SQL Server
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Clipper
- Kursus Komputer Web Master
- Kursus Komputer Membuat Blog
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman PHP
- Kursus Komputer Building Web with CMS
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Web Design
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Dream Weaver
- Kursus Komputer PHP Programming & MYSQL basic
- Kursus Komputer PHP Programming & MYSQL Advanced
- Kursus Komputer Web Design Level 1(Photoshop dan Flash)
- Kursus Komputer Web Design Level 2 (Dreamweaver, CSS, Javascript)
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman CC++
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Java Script
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman SPSS
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Oracle
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman VB. Net
- Kursus Komputer Project Management With MS. Project Application
- Kursus Komputer Management Information System
- Kursus Komputer System Analyst and Design
- Kursus Komputer Customer Relationship Management
- Kursus Komputer IT Governance
- Kursus Komputer IT Risk Management
- Kursus Komputer Pemrograman Kali Linux
- Kursus Komputer Basic IT Ubuntu
- Kursus Komputer Training Certified Ethical Hacker
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris Elementary I
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris Elementary II
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris Intermediate
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris Post Intermediate
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris Advance I
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris Advance II
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris Conversation
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris English For Business
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris TOEFL I
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris TOEFL II
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris GMAT I
- Kursus Bahasa Inggris GMAT II
kursus komputer di kosambi karawang | tempat kursus di karawang | kursus komputer di karawang barat | tempat kursus komputer di cikampek | raditya komputer kabupaten karawang | lembaga kursus dan pelatihan prisma computer kabupaten karawang, jawa barat | lpk sinergi pusat kursus komputer kabupaten karawang jawa barat | tempat kursus komputer di karawang 2016 | sinergi kursus komputer it training kabupaten karawang, jawa barat | tempat kursus komputer di kosambi karawang | biaya kursus komputer di karawang | kursus komputer bersertifikat di karawang | tempat kursus komputer di karawang | kursus komputer daerah karawang | bimbel jakarta timur kota jakarta timur, daerah khusus ibukota jakarta | bimbel terbaik di jakarta timur | tempat bimbel murah di jakarta timur | bimbel primagama jakarta timur | tempat bimbel di jakarta selatan | tempat les di jakarta timur | bimbel murah dan berkualitas | tempat bimbel murah di jakarta timur | bimbel terbaik di jakarta timur | bimbel murah dan berkualitas | ganesha operation go kota jakarta timur daerah khusus ibukota jakarta | les privat murah jakarta timur | bimbel primagama jakarta timur | bimbel sd di jakarta timur | les privat matematika di jakarta timur | tempat bimbel murah di jakarta timur | bimbel terbaik untuk smp | bimbel jakarta timur kota jakarta timur, daerah khusus ibukota jakarta | bimbel primagama jakarta timur | tempat les di jakarta timur | tempat bimbel di jakarta selatan | bimbel murah dan berkualitas | tempat bimbel terbaik di jakarta | bimbel terbaik di jakarta timur | tempat les di jakarta timur | bimbel jakarta timur kota jakarta timur, daerah khusus ibukota jakarta | bimbel murah dan berkualitas | tempat bimbel di jakarta selatan | bimbel primagama jakarta timur | tempat les murah di jakarta timur | les privat murah jakarta timur | harga bimbel primagama 2018 | biaya bimbel primagama 2018 | biaya primagama | biaya les primagama 2018 | biaya primagama 2018 | brosur primagama 2018 | primagama adalah | biaya bimbel primagama bekasi | tempat bimbel terbaik di jakarta selatan | bimbel murah di jakarta selatan | tempat les yang bagus untuk anak sd | bimbel murah dan berkualitas | bimbel terbaik untuk smp | tempat les bimbel di jakarta barat | tempat les terdekat | tempat bimbel murah di jakarta timur | bimbel terbaik di jakarta timur | les privat murah jakarta timur | bimbel jakarta timur kota jakarta timur, daerah khusus ibukota jakarta | les privat matematika di jakarta timur | tempat les matematika di jakarta timur | bimbel primagama jakarta timur | tempat bimbel di jakarta selatan | bimbel murah di jakarta | biaya bimbel murah | bimbel terbaik untuk smp | bimbel smp | bimbel sma | bimbel sd | bimbel yang bagus untuk anak sd | alamat kursus komputer jakarta timur | kursus komputer kota jakarta timur, dki jakarta | biaya kursus komputer di jakarta timur | lpk trimitsa kursus komputer cililitan, kota jakarta timur, daerah khusus ibukota jakarta | tempat kursus komputer di jakarta | biaya kursus komputer di internusa | kursus komputer jakarta pusat | kursus komputer jakarta utara | |